OpenCV 5.0.0-pre
Open Source Computer Vision
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Image Registration

Detailed Description

The Registration module implements parametric image registration. The implemented method is direct alignment, that is, it uses directly the pixel values for calculating the registration between a pair of images, as opposed to feature-based registration. The implementation follows essentially the corresponding part of [260] .

Feature based methods have some advantages over pixel based methods when we are trying to register pictures that have been shoot under different lighting conditions or exposition times, or when the images overlap only partially. On the other hand, the main advantage of pixel-based methods when compared to feature based methods is their better precision for some pictures (those shoot under similar lighting conditions and that have a significative overlap), due to the fact that we are using all the information available in the image, which allows us to achieve subpixel accuracy. This is particularly important for certain applications like multi-frame denoising or super-resolution.

In fact, pixel and feature registration methods can complement each other: an application could first obtain a coarse registration using features and then refine the registration using a pixel based method on the overlapping area of the images. The code developed allows this use case.

The module implements classes derived from the abstract classes cv::reg::Map or cv::reg::Mapper. The former models a coordinate transformation between two reference frames, while the later encapsulates a way of invoking a method that calculates a Map between two images. Although the objective has been to implement pixel based methods, the module can be extended to support other methods that can calculate transformations between images (feature methods, optical flow, etc.).

Each class derived from Map implements a motion model, as follows:

MapProject can also be used to model affine motion or translations, but some operations on it are more costly, and that is the reason for defining the other two classes.

The classes derived from Mapper are

If the motion between the images is not very small, the normal way of using these classes is to create a MapperGrad* object and use it as input to create a MapperPyramid, which in turn is called to perform the calculation. However, if the motion between the images is small enough, we can use directly the MapperGrad* classes. Another possibility is to use first a feature based method to perform a coarse registration and then do a refinement through MapperPyramid or directly a MapperGrad* object. The "calculate" method of the mappers accepts an initial estimation of the motion as input.

When deciding which MapperGrad to use we must take into account that mappers with more parameters can handle more complex motions, but involve more calculations and are therefore slower. Also, if we are confident on the motion model that is followed by the sequence, increasing the number of parameters beyond what we need will decrease the accuracy: it is better to use the least number of degrees of freedom that we can.

In the module tests there are examples that show how to register a pair of images using any of the implemented mappers.

Classes

class  cv::reg::Map
 Base class for modelling a Map between two images. More...
 
class  cv::reg::MapAffine
 
class  cv::reg::Mapper
 Base class for modelling an algorithm for calculating a map. More...
 
class  cv::reg::MapperGradAffine
 
class  cv::reg::MapperGradEuclid
 
class  cv::reg::MapperGradProj
 
class  cv::reg::MapperGradShift
 
class  cv::reg::MapperGradSimilar
 
class  cv::reg::MapperPyramid
 
class  cv::reg::MapProjec
 
class  cv::reg::MapShift
 
class  cv::reg::MapTypeCaster