Class which provides the main controls to the Gipsa/Listic labs human retina model. Spatio-temporal filtering modelling the two main retina information channels :
NOTE : See the Retina tutorial in the tutorial/contrib section for complementary explanations.
The retina can be settled up with various parameters, by default, the retina cancels mean luminance and enforces all details of the visual scene. In order to use your own parameters, you can use at least one time the write(std::string fs) method which will write a proper XML file with all default parameters. Then, tweak it on your own and reload them at any time using method setup(std::string fs). These methods update a Retina::RetinaParameters member structure that is described hereafter.
class Retina
{
public:
// parameters setup instance
struct RetinaParameters; // this class is detailled later
// constructors
Retina (Size inputSize);
Retina (Size inputSize, const bool colorMode, RETINA_COLORSAMPLINGMETHOD colorSamplingMethod=RETINA_COLOR_BAYER, const bool useRetinaLogSampling=false, const double reductionFactor=1.0, const double samplingStrenght=10.0);
// main method for input frame processing
void run (const Mat &inputImage);
// output buffers retreival methods
// -> foveal color vision details channel with luminance and noise correction
void getParvo (Mat &retinaOutput_parvo);
void getParvo (std::valarray< float > &retinaOutput_parvo);
const std::valarray< float > & getParvo () const;
// -> peripheral monochrome motion and events (transient information) channel
void getMagno (Mat &retinaOutput_magno);
void getMagno (std::valarray< float > &retinaOutput_magno);
const std::valarray< float > & getMagno () const;
// reset retina buffers... equivalent to closing your eyes for some seconds
void clearBuffers ();
// retreive input and output buffers sizes
Size inputSize ();
Size outputSize ();
// setup methods with specific parameters specification of global xml config file loading/write
void setup (std::string retinaParameterFile="", const bool applyDefaultSetupOnFailure=true);
void setup (FileStorage &fs, const bool applyDefaultSetupOnFailure=true);
void setup (RetinaParameters newParameters);
struct Retina::RetinaParameters getParameters ();
const std::string printSetup ();
virtual void write (std::string fs) const;
virtual void write (FileStorage &fs) const;
void setupOPLandIPLParvoChannel (const bool colorMode=true, const bool normaliseOutput=true, const float photoreceptorsLocalAdaptationSensitivity=0.7, const float photoreceptorsTemporalConstant=0.5, const float photoreceptorsSpatialConstant=0.53, const float horizontalCellsGain=0, const float HcellsTemporalConstant=1, const float HcellsSpatialConstant=7, const float ganglionCellsSensitivity=0.7);
void setupIPLMagnoChannel (const bool normaliseOutput=true, const float parasolCells_beta=0, const float parasolCells_tau=0, const float parasolCells_k=7, const float amacrinCellsTemporalCutFrequency=1.2, const float V0CompressionParameter=0.95, const float localAdaptintegration_tau=0, const float localAdaptintegration_k=7);
void setColorSaturation (const bool saturateColors=true, const float colorSaturationValue=4.0);
void activateMovingContoursProcessing (const bool activate);
void activateContoursProcessing (const bool activate);
};
Class which allows the Gipsa (preliminary work) / Listic (code maintainer) labs retina model to be used. This class allows human retina spatio-temporal image processing to be applied on still images, images sequences and video sequences. Briefly, here are the main human retina model properties:
Use : this model can be used basically for spatio-temporal video effects but also in the aim of :
For more information, refer to the following papers :
Vision: Images, Signals and Neural Networks: Models of Neural Processing in Visual Perception (Progress in Neural Processing),By: Jeanny Herault, ISBN: 9814273686. WAPI (Tower ID): 113266891.
This retina filter code includes the research contributions of phd/research collegues from which code has been redrawn by the author :
NOTE : Complementary to the following examples, have a look at the Retina tutorial in the tutorial/contrib section for complementary explanations.
Take a look at the provided C++ examples provided with OpenCV :
Typical uses are (provided your OpenCV installation is situated in folder OpenCVReleaseFolder)
- image processing : OpenCVReleaseFolder/bin/retinademo -image myPicture.jpg
- video processing : OpenCVReleaseFolder/bin/retinademo -video myMovie.avi
- webcam processing: OpenCVReleaseFolder/bin/retinademo -video
Note : This demo generates the file RetinaDefaultParameters.xml which contains the default parameters of the retina. Then, rename this as RetinaSpecificParameters.xml, adjust the parameters the way you want and reload the program to check the effect.
samples/cpp/OpenEXRimages_HDR_Retina_toneMapping.cpp shows how to use the retina to perform High Dynamic Range (HDR) luminance compression
Then, take a HDR image using bracketing with your camera and generate an OpenEXR image and then process it using the demo.
Typical use, supposing that you have the OpenEXR image memorial.exr (present in the samples/cpp/ folder)
OpenCVReleaseFolder/bin/OpenEXRimages_HDR_Retina_toneMapping memorial.exr
Note that some sliders are made available to allow you to play with luminance compression.
Here are detailled the main methods to control the retina model
Constructors
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Activate/desactivate the Parvocellular pathway processing (contours information extraction), by default, it is activated
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Activate/desactivate the Magnocellular pathway processing (motion information extraction), by default, it is activated
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Clears all retina buffers (equivalent to opening the eyes after a long period of eye close ;o) whatchout the temporal transition occuring just after this method call.
Accessor of the details channel of the retina (models foveal vision)
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Accessor of the motion channel of the retina (models peripheral vision)
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Retrieve the current parameters values in a Retina::RetinaParameters structure
Returns: | the current parameters setup |
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Retreive retina input buffer size
Returns: | the retina input buffer size |
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Retreive retina output buffer size that can be different from the input if a spatial log transformation is applied
Returns: | the retina output buffer size |
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Outputs a string showing the used parameters setup
Returns: | a string which contains formatted parameters information |
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Method which allows retina to be applied on an input image, after run, encapsulated retina module is ready to deliver its outputs using dedicated acccessors, see getParvo and getMagno methods
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Activate color saturation as the final step of the color demultiplexing process -> this saturation is a sigmoide function applied to each channel of the demultiplexed image.
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Try to open an XML retina parameters file to adjust current retina instance setup => if the xml file does not exist, then default setup is applied => warning, Exceptions are thrown if read XML file is not valid
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Write xml/yml formated parameters information
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Set parameters values for the Inner Plexiform Layer (IPL) magnocellular channel this channel processes signals output from OPL processing stage in peripheral vision, it allows motion information enhancement. It is decorrelated from the details channel. See reference papers for more details.
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Setup the OPL and IPL parvo channels (see biologocal model) OPL is referred as Outer Plexiform Layer of the retina, it allows the spatio-temporal filtering which withens the spectrum and reduces spatio-temporal noise while attenuating global luminance (low frequency energy) IPL parvo is the OPL next processing stage, it refers to a part of the Inner Plexiform layer of the retina, it allows high contours sensitivity in foveal vision. See reference papers for more informations.
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This structure merges all the parameters that can be adjusted threw the Retina::setup(), Retina::setupOPLandIPLParvoChannel and Retina::setupIPLMagnoChannel setup methods Parameters structure for better clarity, check explenations on the comments of methods : setupOPLandIPLParvoChannel and setupIPLMagnoChannel.
class RetinaParameters{
struct OPLandIplParvoParameters{ // Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL) and Inner Plexiform Layer Parvocellular (IplParvo) parameters
OPLandIplParvoParameters():colorMode(true),
normaliseOutput(true), // specifies if (true) output is rescaled between 0 and 255 of not (false)
photoreceptorsLocalAdaptationSensitivity(0.7f), // the photoreceptors sensitivity renage is 0-1 (more log compression effect when value increases)
photoreceptorsTemporalConstant(0.5f),// the time constant of the first order low pass filter of the photoreceptors, use it to cut high temporal frequencies (noise or fast motion), unit is frames, typical value is 1 frame
photoreceptorsSpatialConstant(0.53f),// the spatial constant of the first order low pass filter of the photoreceptors, use it to cut high spatial frequencies (noise or thick contours), unit is pixels, typical value is 1 pixel
horizontalCellsGain(0.0f),//gain of the horizontal cells network, if 0, then the mean value of the output is zero, if the parameter is near 1, then, the luminance is not filtered and is still reachable at the output, typicall value is 0
hcellsTemporalConstant(1.f),// the time constant of the first order low pass filter of the horizontal cells, use it to cut low temporal frequencies (local luminance variations), unit is frames, typical value is 1 frame, as the photoreceptors
hcellsSpatialConstant(7.f),//the spatial constant of the first order low pass filter of the horizontal cells, use it to cut low spatial frequencies (local luminance), unit is pixels, typical value is 5 pixel, this value is also used for local contrast computing when computing the local contrast adaptation at the ganglion cells level (Inner Plexiform Layer parvocellular channel model)
ganglionCellsSensitivity(0.7f)//the compression strengh of the ganglion cells local adaptation output, set a value between 0.6 and 1 for best results, a high value increases more the low value sensitivity... and the output saturates faster, recommended value: 0.7
{};// default setup
bool colorMode, normaliseOutput;
float photoreceptorsLocalAdaptationSensitivity, photoreceptorsTemporalConstant, photoreceptorsSpatialConstant, horizontalCellsGain, hcellsTemporalConstant, hcellsSpatialConstant, ganglionCellsSensitivity;
};
struct IplMagnoParameters{ // Inner Plexiform Layer Magnocellular channel (IplMagno)
IplMagnoParameters():
normaliseOutput(true), //specifies if (true) output is rescaled between 0 and 255 of not (false)
parasolCells_beta(0.f), // the low pass filter gain used for local contrast adaptation at the IPL level of the retina (for ganglion cells local adaptation), typical value is 0
parasolCells_tau(0.f), //the low pass filter time constant used for local contrast adaptation at the IPL level of the retina (for ganglion cells local adaptation), unit is frame, typical value is 0 (immediate response)
parasolCells_k(7.f), //the low pass filter spatial constant used for local contrast adaptation at the IPL level of the retina (for ganglion cells local adaptation), unit is pixels, typical value is 5
amacrinCellsTemporalCutFrequency(1.2f), //the time constant of the first order high pass fiter of the magnocellular way (motion information channel), unit is frames, typical value is 1.2
V0CompressionParameter(0.95f), the compression strengh of the ganglion cells local adaptation output, set a value between 0.6 and 1 for best results, a high value increases more the low value sensitivity... and the output saturates faster, recommended value: 0.95
localAdaptintegration_tau(0.f), // specifies the temporal constant of the low pas filter involved in the computation of the local "motion mean" for the local adaptation computation
localAdaptintegration_k(7.f) // specifies the spatial constant of the low pas filter involved in the computation of the local "motion mean" for the local adaptation computation
{};// default setup
bool normaliseOutput;
float parasolCells_beta, parasolCells_tau, parasolCells_k, amacrinCellsTemporalCutFrequency, V0CompressionParameter, localAdaptintegration_tau, localAdaptintegration_k;
};
struct OPLandIplParvoParameters OPLandIplParvo;
struct IplMagnoParameters IplMagno;
};